1.Irony 反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.
例如:
>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊(真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念)
2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.
2.Pun 双关
双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.
例如:
>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.
2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.
3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.
3.Parody 仿拟
这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.
例如:
>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.
4.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问(反问)
它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.
例如:
>.How was it possible target=_blank class=infotextkey>possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?
5.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶
这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.
例如:
>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.
2>.You are staying; I am going.
3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.
6.Paradox 隽语
这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法..
例如:
>.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达
2>.The child is the father to the man.(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁看大，四岁看老。
7.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.
例如:
>.No light, but rather darkness visible.没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见
2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.
8.Climax 渐进法,层进法
这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.
例如:
>.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
2>.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
9.Anticlimax 渐降法
与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.
例如:
>.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
2>.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes
