top16独立写作范文 第一篇
Reading Passage
Main points: Archaeology was faced with problems in Britain.
Sub point 1: Valuable artifact were lost in construction.
Sub point 2: Financial support to archaeology is felt inadequate.
Sub point 3: It is difficult to have a career in archaeology.
Lecture
Attitude: New guidelines have improved the situation.
Sub Point 1: Archaeologist examines building before construction. (Make a plan)
Sub Point 2: Company pays for the archaeological work at construction. (New financial support.)
Sub Point 3: Lot of paid work for archaeologists. (Highest number in Britain.)
Answers
top16独立写作范文 第二篇
The professor explained three aspects of the new guidelines adopted in the United Kingdom, each of which has successfully addressed the problems mentioned in the reading passage concerning the preservation of artifacts, the funding of archaeological research, and career opportunities in archaeology.
First, the professor pointed out that according to the new guidelines, any construction project must undergo an evaluation process in order for the archaeological value of the site to be ascertained. If a site is determined to contain precious objects, a panel of experts is convened to draw up a preservation plan. This measure has proven very effective in addressing the first problem mentioned in the reading – careless and irresponsible construction projects being pursued without any regard for archaeological preservation.
Second, the lecturer explained that the new guidelines shifted the responsibility for funding archaeological work, from initial examination to future preservation, from the government to construction companies. As a result of this shift, the second problem highlighted in the reading concerning insufficient government funds for archaeological research has been significantly addressed.
The professor's last point concerned the final problem raised in the reading material – a decline in archaeology-related job opportunities. She argued that thanks to the new guidelines, many skillful, full-time archaeological experts and professionals are now needed to handle work at various stages of archaeological investigation, research, and preservation.
top16独立写作范文 第三篇
Actually there are two main ways of travelling – travelling on your own and being led by a tour guide in group. Sometimes when we plan for a trip, it is always hard for us to choose between these two methods. Meanwhile, I would prefer be led by a tour guide while I am travelling around. There are several benefits of being led by someone who is acquainted with the place you go and of being in a group.
Being led by a tour guide in group can offer us convenience during our vacation. Usually we are not familiar with the landscape, the direction and the customs of our destination. Sometimes if we travel abroad, we may even know nothing about the language and thus cannot turn to anyone for help. I still remember when I travelled to Italy; I knew no Italian at all and found it hard to stay in this foreign country, let alone enjoy myself! Finally I found a travel agency and then followed the group. The tour guide offered me a lot of convenience during my stay in Italy and finally I went back home safe and sound.
In addition, following a group also guarantee a deeper understanding of the culture in your destination. Almost all the tour guides have received formal training in the local history and
culture. Actually every time we stay in a group with a tour guide, he will always tell you the customs and the detailed history of a site of interests. Therefore, by staying with the group and listening to the tour guide, we will learn more about our destination without much effort.
Moreover, being in a group with a tour guide will make you safe during the whole vacation. Actually this point of view is the most important in my point of view. The tour guide is familiar with the country or the city we visit and thus we can hardly get lost. Staying in group makes us less likely to be focused by some bad people. All of us want a safe tour. As a result, the best way to guarantee safety is to stay in group with a tour guide.
All in all, thought we might lose some freedom by staying in a group with a tour guide, this way of travelling still can be well-rounded because it offers us convenience, deeper understanding and safety. Under this circumstance, I want to state that the best way of travelling is to be with a group and to be guided by a person who is familiar with our destination.
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top16独立写作范文 第四篇
Wandering around a new city, first-time visitors may be completely dazed and lost. To familiarize themselves with this city quickly, they may subconsciously pay a visit to historic sites and markets. However, such moves may be either too time-consuming or pointless. In fact, the most desirable way to know this city is to dine in local restaurants or grab a coffee in cafés.
Familiarize sb. with 使熟悉
Wander around 闲逛
The best way to learn about a place is through its culture. Historic sites, rich in heritage and history, embody a city’s social culture content. Hence, visitors to such places can discover local cultures, meanwhile acquainting themselves with the city. However, this procedure tends to be time-consuming. In other words, it takes tons of time to carefully go through each piece of collections. In this case, visitors whose time is scarce may hardly have the patience to study those boring and lengthy annotations. Instead, they may just scan over the pictures and relics, and the cursory glance contributes nothing to their understanding behind those collections, let alone learning this city.
Embody 具体表现， 代表
Acquaint with 使熟悉
Scarce 缺少的，稀少的
Strolling round the market or shops is less time-consuming, yet it is still not recommendable for visitors who want get to know the city. Local markets or shops, featuring boutiques and specialities, may display a city’s characters. However, visitors may find the displayed characters identical with their hometowns’. This is because most of the products sold at the market are manufactured in other cities instead of hand-crafted at local market, which makes them become devoid of local characteristics. Hence, for visitors to such places, they may feel like just touring another ordinary shop of their hometown, thus being discouraged from further exploration.
Identical 完全相同的
Feature sth. 以xxx 为主要特色
Be devoid of 没有xxx
段落间的衔接要注意
It thus follows that restaurants and cafes, especially those favoured by the locals, are the best spots to get to know the city quickly. The reason is simple: talking to the locals, the first-time visitors can not only avoid tourist traps, but also find out the locals’ living patterns. Specifically, waiters or local diners tend to have a clear picture of which places are well worth a visit. This is particularly important for visitors who have limited amount of time to know the city, as it helps them to utilize time effectively by filtering out those so-called top-rated or must-see places. More importantly, through observing the locals’ eating habits, many things about this city can be revealed. For example, if most customers eat and talk in a polite manner, chances are that this city’s overall education level is high; if the dietary habits of the customers vary greatly, it might be a migrant city with many non-native workers. Observing these details does not cost too much time, it can however provide a wealth of information about this city.
utilize time effectively 有效利用时间
vary 不同（是动词哦）
a wealth of information 大量信息
In conclusion, compared with historic sites and markets, restaurants and cafés are more preferable for visitors who want to know about the city rapidly.
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top16独立写作范文 第五篇
In 1990, new rules and guidelines were adopted in the United Kingdom that has changed the whole field of Archaeology in that country. The new guidelines improved the situation in all there areas discussed in the passage.
在1990年，英国颁布了新的法规和指南，从而改变了英国整过考古学领域。新的指南改善了阅读部分提到的所有领域出现的问题。
First, the new guidelines state that before any construction project can start, the construction site has to be examined by archaeologists to see whether the site is of archaeological interest or value. If the site is of archaeological interest, the next step is for the builders, archaeologists and local government officials to get together and make a plan for preserving the archaeological artifacts, either by building around them or by excavating and documenting them properly before the construction is allowed to proceed.
首先，新的指南要求所有建筑工程开工之前都要经由考古学家检查以确定该地是否有考古价值的遗迹。如果有考古价值，那么下一步就是建筑者、考古学家和当地政府的联合行都了。他们要在一起制定一个保护考古遗迹的计划。要么在周围的地方建房子，要么在开工之前把文物妥善地挖掘保存起来。
Second, an important part of the new guidelines is a rule that any archaeological work done on the construction site will be paid for by the construction company not by the government. The construction company has to pay for the initial examination of the site, and then for all the work carried out under the preservation plan. This is a whole new source of financial support. The funding from construction companies has allowed researchers to study a far greater range of archaeological sites than they could in the past.
第二，新指南很重要的一部分就是规定对于建筑工地的考古学检查的费用由建筑公司而不是政府支付。建筑公司要为工地最初的检查付费，同时随之而来的全部保存计划都由建筑公司付费。这是一个全新的资金来源。来自建筑公司的资金保证研究人员可以进行逼以往更为深入的考古研究。
Last, the new guidelines provide a lot of paid work for archaeologists, work that didn’t exist before. Expert archaeologists are now hired at all stages of the process to examine the site for archaeological value, then to help draw up the preservation plan to do the research in a professional scientific manner and finally to process the date and write reports and articles. The increased job and career opportunities in Archaeology have increased the number of professional archaeologists in Britain, which is now the highest it’s ever been.
最后，新的指南为考古学家提供了很多新的就业机会，而这在以前是不可能的。整过的考古研究过程都需要雇佣考古专家。从检查地基的考古学价值，然后帮助制定符合专业科学研究的保护机会，到最后处理数据、撰写报告和文章，这些都需要考古学家。增加的考古类工作岗位和事业发展机会使得现在英国有了更多的专业考古学家，而这是有史以来最多的时候。
top16独立写作范文 第六篇
1、 逻辑结构
全文遵从总分结构，开头段总结新政和新政的作用，展开全文反驳基调。
2、语言表达
此文用词流畅，句式结构紧密，其中值得借鉴的有：
1. whereas the (人物B) asserted the opposite by…(观点B)
2. address (文中为处理的意思)
/handle/fix/
The new law addresses the recent type of internet crime.
3. Boost: 快速增大
/Increase/
The stock price boosted after the introduction of new type technology.
top16独立写作范文 第七篇
The United Kingdom (sometimes referred to as Britain) has a long and rich history of human settlement. Traces of buildings, tools, and art can be found from periods going back many thousands of years: from the Stone Age, through the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, the time of the Roman colonization, the Middle Ages, up to the beginnings of the industrial age. Yet from most of the twentieth century, the science of archaeology – dedicated to uncovering and studying old cultural artifacts – was faced with serious problems and limitations in Britain.
英国(有的时候被称为不列颠)在人类居住建筑方面有久远丰富的历史。建筑、建筑工具以及建筑艺术的遗迹的历史可以追溯到数千年。从石器时代开始，历经青铜时代、铁器时代、罗马殖民时代、中世纪，一直到工业时代的初期。但是在20世纪的大部分时间里的英国，致力于挖掘和研究古代文化遗迹的考古学面临着严峻的问题和局限性。
First, many valuable artifacts were lost to construction projects. The growth of Britain’s population, especially from the 1950s on, spurred a lot of new construction in British cities, towns, and villages. While digging foundations for new buildings, the builders often uncovered archaeologically valuable sites. Usually, however, they proceeded with the construction and did not preserve the artifacts. Many archaeologically precious artifacts were therefore destroyed.
首先，建筑工程破坏了很多有价值的估计。从1950年以来愈加明显的人口增加导致了英国建筑业的迅猛发展，无论是在城市、乡镇还是村庄。在给新建筑打地基的时候，建筑者常常会挖掘到一些有价值的文物遗迹。然而，常常建筑工人会继续进行工作，而不是保护这些文物。很多很多珍贵的考古文物就因此遭到了破坏。
Second, many archaeologists felt that the financial support for archaeological research are inadequate. For most of the twentieth century, archaeology was funded mostly through government funds and grants, which allowed archaeologists to investigate a handful of the most important sites but which left hundreds of other interesting projects without support. Furthermore, changing government priorities brought about periodic reductions in funding.
第二，很多考古学家都感觉到考古学研究的经费不足。在二十世纪的大部分时间里，考古的`经费大多来自于政府的基金和拨款。经费的不足导致考古学家只能研究很少了的最重要的遗迹，而数以千计的其他有意义的项目都缺乏经费。而且，政府预算优先权的改变也导致了经费的周期性减少。
Third, it was difficult to have a career in archaeology. Archaeology jobs were to be found at universities or with a few government agencies, but there were never many positions available. Many people who wanted to become archaeologists ended up pursuing other careers and contributing to archaeological research only as unpaid amateurs.
第三，考古事业难以为继。只有在大学和很少数的政府部门才能找到考古学相关的工作。但是职位总是供不应求。很多想成为考古学家的人都放弃了，选择了其他的领域，仅仅把考古学研究当做一个没有收益的业余爱好。
