大学英语跨文化交际命题作文1
Re evaluate your stereotypes in cross-cultural communication. When it comes to stereotypes, most people think that cultural stereotypes are obstacles and negative factors in cross-cultural communication. For example, people usually think that Americans are punctual, while Chinese are not.
Therefore, many people think that stereotype should be done. However, to get rid of it, this attitude should be changed Stereotypes are a classification of a nation or ethnic group. Whether stereotypes are effective or ineffective depends on how they are used.
When a person in a cross-cultural environment is aware of his or her stereotypes, stereotypes can be a guide. If a person can change his or her preconceptions based on his or her understanding of the actual person's experience, it may be counterproductive, even though these stereotypes are contradictory and used to judge other people who know their own stereotypes and are willing to modify them appropriately As a potential source of culture, broadcasters should not have much difficulty in misinterpreting this potential cultural source, so they may interpret information stereotypes more accurately.
中文翻译：
重新评价你在跨文化交际中的刻板印象当谈到刻板印象时，大多数人会认为文化刻板印象是跨文化交际的障碍和消极因素，例如人们通常认为人是守时的人，而中国人是不守时的人，因此，许多人认为刻板印象应该这样做不过，要摆脱，这种态度应该改变陈规定型观念是对民族或民族群体的一种分类陈规定型观念可以是有效的还是无效的取决于它们是如何使用的。当处于跨文化环境中的人意识到他或她的陈规定型观念时，陈规定型观念可能是一种指导，如果一个人能够改变他或她基于对实际人的经验的理解成见可能会适得其反，尽管这些成见是相互矛盾的，并且被用来评判其他知道自己的成见并愿意适当修改这些成见的传播者，在这一潜在的文化来源方面应该不会有太大的困难曲解，因此可能会更准确地解释信息刻板印象。
大学英语跨文化交际命题作文2
As there are various cultures in the world, the differences between different cultures are obvious. This kind of cross-cultural communication can be difficult sometimes. They are caused by misunderstanding, discrimination or simply unfamiliar with other cultures.
For example, negotiation with foreign partners may be hindered by lack of relevant knowledge of their culture. What can we do How about reduction? If we can't eliminate this misunderstanding, we need to contact different cultures in order to know more about the network we can use. In this era, in order to more knowledge of other cultures, magazines and other materials, cross-cultural communication is inevitable.
Therefore, it is very important and necessary to participate in this trend and carry out effective communication.
中文翻译：
大学英语跨文化交际命题作文3
This lecture tells us about the British culture. In 55 BC and 54 years ago, Geraldine Jim Caesar rate Roman legion invaded Britain twice. Roman province is set in Britain, Britain is divided into two parts of the military area and administrative region. Romans actually only control the administrative region, in the north of Scotland and wales in the west of the still in the hands of the Celtics. The Romans to guard against they had to build a GREAT WALL . Concerning the British Culture, my interest is the UK customs. British people now pay more attention to the quality of life, the pursuit of spirit to enjoy. British people wear very formal in important occasions, usually the pursuit of simple, comfortable clothing. In addition, the British people like cultural activities, such as reading books, writing articles, listen to the concert, the theatre, etc, also like pets. According to the river Thames and build the house of parliament is the political center of Britain. It not only looks spectacular beautifully decorated, internal, and its structure and interior design can fully give expression to the oldest monarchy. It is said that the British parliament during the meeting, the king should sit on the throne of the king of the house of lords, but the prime minister and members from the house of commons into their seats, ordinary citizens can also watch assembly process in the public gallery. The history of the tower of London has been nearly one thousand years, its function is constantly changing, castle, palace, treasure-house, powder magazine, mint, prison and zoo London sightseeing area until now. Castle known as the white tower, between the tower of London is one of the earliest royal residence. It is said that the tower wall is 15 feet thick, impregnable. Of the royal family traditions remain here today, dressed in traditional costumes of the royal guard every day for the king key handover ceremony. Some of the most precious royal supplies in this exhibition, also can make visitors eye-opening. In the UK, everywhere can feel the culture permeates the rich atmosphere of Shakespeare, Shakespeare has the English culture like nutrients into the blood, Is not only the
带翻译：
这节课告诉我们有关英国文化。公元前55年和54年前,杰拉尔丁吉姆凯撒率罗马军团入侵英国两次。罗马省设置在英国,英国是分为两部分的军事领域和行政区。罗马人实际上只控制行政区,北部的苏格兰和威尔士西部的仍在凯尔特人的手中。罗马人为了防止他们不得不建立一个长城。关于英国的文化,我的兴趣是英国海关。现在英国人更加注重生活质量,追求精神享受。英国人在重要场合穿非常正式,通常追求简单、舒适的服饰。另外,英国人喜欢文化活动,如读书、写文章、听音乐会、剧院,等等,也喜欢宠物。根据泰晤士河和构建的议会大厦是英国的政治中心。它不仅看起来壮观的装饰精美,内部,其结构和室内设计能够充分表达出最古老的君主制。据说英国国会开会时,国王应坐在上议院的国王的宝座,但和从下议院成员为他们的席位,普通公民也可以看旁听席的装配过程。伦敦塔的历史已近一千年,它的功能是不断变化的,城堡,宫殿,宝库、火药库、铸币厂、xxx、动物园直到现在伦敦观光区。城堡被称为白塔,伦敦塔之间最早的皇家住宅。据说塔壁有15英尺厚,坚不可摧。皇室的传统今天留在这里,身着传统服装的皇家卫队每天为国王关键交接仪式。一些最珍贵的皇家用品在这个展览,也可以让游客大开眼界。在英国,到处都可以感受到莎士比亚文化渗透到丰富的气氛,莎士比亚英语文化像营养物质进入血液。
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大学英语跨文化交际命题作文4
Because there are various cultures in the world, and the differences between different cultures are obvious, such intercultural communication is sometimes difficult. They are caused by misunderstanding, discrimination or simply unfamiliar with other cultures. For example, negotiation with foreign partners may be hindered by lack of relevant knowledge of their culture.
If we can't eliminate this misunderstanding, what can we do to reduce it, we should first understand different cultures, so as to make better use of the Internet. In this era, cross-cultural communication is inevitable. Therefore, it is very important and necessary to participate in this trend and effectively communicate.
中文翻译：
大学英语跨文化交际命题作文5
Communication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thought, messages, or information. There are many communicating methods, such as speech, visuals, signals, writing or body languages.
It plays an important role in social lives of human beings, which some people consider that it’s the basic of human existence.
On the one hand, it’s the communication that spreads information, making us know the news although it’s far from us. By communicating with others, people send and get information that helps us know about our surroundings. We all know that information is extremely important in our lives. On the other hand, communication builds personal relationship, which connects different people together. We live in the same society which makes personal relationship essential in lives. Only with communication can we build and keep good personal relationships with others. In addition, communication can eliminate misunderstandings and promote emotions. When we have misunderstandings with others, timely communicating is the only effective way to solve it.
In short, communication is essential to all people that everyone should realize that. Therefore, we should learn how to communicate with other effectively.
大学英语跨文化交际命题作文6
How to Make a Successful Intercultural Communication?
With the development of global cooperation and frequent world-wide activities, people can't help involving in intercultural communications. However, due to the distinction of their cultural background, sense of worth and languages, it's uneasy to make the communication smooth and successful.
There're several suggestions on how to make the intercultural communication carry the point. On the one hand, it's quite useful to learn some information on their culture, language and customs in advance, which will help you avoid embarrassment and miscomprehension while contacting others. For example, Japanese businessmen usually will behave more implicitly than Americans in the process of commercial negotiation. Knowing about this, you probably will negotiate with them in a different style. On the other hand, people should respect the customs of the opposing party and get rid of prejudice and stereotype. Of course, if your actions offend other people unwittingly, you'd better say apology and correct your behavior in time.
A successful intercultural communication is not only beneficial to improve bilateral relations but also could enhance understanding between nations. So we should work together to make it.
大学英语跨文化交际命题作文7
So love, although its glory seems to be just a chemical state, has genetic roots and environmental influence, but all these work will lead to other questions. If scientists can make a more sociable mouse, is it possible to create a more communicative person, a more likable person? Some even think that the paradise project, which aims to eliminate the biological basis of human suffering, is a good idea.
中文翻译：
所以爱，尽管它的荣耀，似乎只是一种化学状态，有遗传的根源和环境的影响，但所有这些工作都会引出其他问题，如果科学家能制造出一只更善于交际的老鼠，有没有可能创造出一个更善于交际的人，一个更可爱的人呢？一些人甚至认为，致力于消除人类痛苦的生物基础的天堂工程是个不错的主意。
大学英语跨文化交际命题作文8
一、跨文化交际内容的单元分布
内容是教材的基石，对于语言学习的重要性是不言而喻的。斯托勒（Stoller）曾指出：“语言是内容学习的媒介，而内容则是语言学习和提高的资源。”那么跨文化交际应包含什么样的内容呢？目前还没有明确的界定。Porter和Samovar曾在一篇文章中将其归纳为三个方面，即观点（包括价值观、世界观和社会观）、语言过程（包括语言及思维模式）和非语言过程（包括非语言行为、时间观念和对于空间的使用）。心理学家MichaelArgyle增加了Porter和Samovar所没有提到的社会行为准则以及宗教观念，将跨文化交际中的主要问题或困难分成六个方面：（1）语言，包括礼貌用语；（2）非语言交际，如面部表情的运用、手势、亲近度以及接触等；（3）社会行为准则，如赠送礼物以及饮食等；（4）家庭和同事关系以及不同团体之间的关系；（5）做事的动力和动机，如成功驱动力和维持面子；（6）思想观念，如源于宗教和政治的观念。本文基于MichaelArgyle对跨文化交际内容的分类，运用内容分析法对人教版高中英语教材进行分析，架构类目和编码。为了检验该类目体系是否具有可行性和有效性，笔者进行了试编码，该类目体系太过宽泛，分布过于不均，影响分析结果，因此为了提高研究的信度和效度，笔者结合高中英语课程标准的相关内容，将分析单位定为语言、非语言交际、社会行为准则、思想观念、国家人文历史介绍以及中外文化比较。此外，部分单元的跨文化交际内容涉及的分析单元不止一个，笔者对其进行了多次归类，如必修三第一单元“F”，既属于“中外文化比较”又可以将其归入“国家文化历史介绍”。其原因在于文化所包含的方方面面是一个相互联系的整体，它们之间只有明显的倾向性而不具有明确的界线，当所选取材料倾向性不明显时，其归属就会多样化。。由表1数据可知，“国家人文历史介绍”这一分析单位共有12个单元，所占百分比为，在所有六项内容中所占比例最高，“语言”、“非语言交际”、“思想观念”以及“中外文化比较”次之，均是2个单元，所占百分比为，而最少的就是“社会行为准则”，只有一个单元涉及，所占百分比为，为必修三第三单元“TheMillionPoundBankNote”，课文选用的是电影《百万英镑》中的两个场景片段，以剧本的形式反映了英国在某一特定时期的社会面貌以及人所持有的价值观。另外，必修四选取跨文化交际内容的单元数量最多，必修二和必修三次之，必修一和必修五相对最少。因此，该套教材的跨文化交际内容在分布上有以下几个问题：第一，单元所涉及内容分布不均匀，以介绍性内容为基础，如必修一第五单元“NelsonMandela-amodernhero”从第三者的角度来叙述^v^作为南非民主领袖对世界的贡献，必修三第一单元“F”对比介绍了中国及世界上其他国家的节日，必修三第五单元“GeographyofCanadaMulticulturalsociety”对加拿大地理社会情况进行了介绍；第二，跨文化交际内容涉及范围较窄，“语言”、“非语言交际”、“思想观念”以及“中外文化比较”、“社会行为准则”的选材过少，与生活的联系不紧密，不够突出跨文化“交际”的特征，缺乏真实的语言场景和语言素材；第三，虽然每个模块都加入跨文化的内容，但是不同必修模块中跨文化交际内容的比例差距较大，让学生产生学习断链，不能满足学生对文化学习的需求。
二、英语教材中文化信息来源分析
英语教材中文化信息的来源影响着学生对跨文化交际认识的深度和广度。玫凯认为，在英语作为国际通用语的教材编写过程中，应尽可能地为学生提供多种类型的文化信息，从而有利于学习者之间的跨文化交流以及分享彼此文化。在英语教材中的文化信息来源一般可以分为三类：源文化，反映学习者本国文化；目的文化，反映英语作为母语国家的文化；国际文化，既不是源文化也不是目的文化，而是反映英语国家与非英语国家的多种文化的特征。目前在人教版高中英语教材必修一至必修五的25个单元中，涉及目的文化的主题单元共有8个，占总单元数的32%，源文化总共1个，为必修三“Unit1F”，该单元中的两篇课文均介绍了中国的传统节日，占总单元数的4%，国际文化共有5个，分别为必修二“Unit2TheOlympicGames”、必修三“Unit1F”、必修四“Unit1Womenofachievement”、必修四“Unit4Bodylanguage”以及必修五“Unit1Greatscientists”，占总单元数的20%。由此数据分析可知：第一，在这三种文化中，目的文化的比重最大，这说明该套教材十分强调融入目的语言文化，让学生能够在学习语言知识的同时，可以学习许多英语作为母语国家的文化；第二，源文化的比重最小，在该套教材中属于“弱势群体”，可见，在教材编写的过程中“中国文化缺失”严重；第三，国际文化在教材中仅次于目的文化，说明在教材编写过程中，加入国际文化已经得到相应的重视，注重让学生了解英语国家与非英语国家的多种文化，扩大了文化知识面，但是涉及范围较为狭窄，对不同国家风土人情以及人物的介绍只是蜻蜓点水。
三、建议
学习英语不仅只是满足学习一种语言知识的需要，更多的是能让学习者掌握在以后的生活和工作中参与跨文化交际的方式。因此，英语教材应该为教师和学生提供最真实、最充实的资源，为学生的语言输入奠定良好基础，培养跨文化交际能力。笔者在对人教版高中英语教材进行分析的基础上，对教材的改进提出如下建议。
1.英语教材所选内容应该能够升华主题，有助于引导学生建立正确的价值观和世界观
根据赫尔巴特的教育性教学原则，教书同时也是一个育人的过程，在英语教学中需要体现这一思想，让学生在英语学习过程中，不仅收获技能，还能培养积极的情感态度、主动思维和实践精神。教材中选编的跨文化交际内容不是局限在蜻蜓点水地介绍国家人文历史，让学生停留在“了解”的层面，其所选择的文本应能引起学生的主动思考，能够进一步升华，如必修四第三单元“AtasteofEnglishhumor”中所选取的文章就是一个很好的例子，不仅让学生了解英语国家的幽默文化，在教师的指导下还可以引发学生关于中外幽默文化的比较，此外文中对卓别林的描写能让学生感受到大师的敬业精神，引起学生对自我品格的思考，也给予教师发挥的空间。
2.扩大选材主题，引入更多地体现跨文化交际真实场景的素材，突出“交际”二字
在上述分析中，每一册教材、大部分单元主题内容均侧重“介绍国家历史文化”，应用性不强，而像必修四的第四单元“BodyLanguage”以及必修三第三单元“TheMillionPoundBankNote”这样的单元为数不多，中西文化对比、社会行为准则、非语言交际以及思想观念等方面的内容选择也较少，因此选择内容时，可以选择与家庭同事关系以及做事的动力和动机方面相关的题材，以便使跨文化交际的内容涵盖面更广，也使学生更加深入和全面地学习，为更好地交际打下坚实的基础。学习“跨文化”固然重要，但是更要突出“交际”二字。StephenTchudi和StephenLafer曾经说过：“最好的英语教学是经验性的，我们关注的不应该只是语言本身。”因此，建议在高中英语教材中增加真实场景中发生的对话，例如购物、订票、订房、询问等，为教师在教学过程中建立相应的情境提供便利；也可以增加一些新闻报道、时评以及广告、应用文等真实语言材料，提供真实的文化信息，弱化学生与教材之间的矛盾。
3.每一本教材的跨文化交际内容应有所平衡
在高中阶段，英语教学要培养学生的跨文化交际意识，那么就需要让学生进入到丰富的跨文化交际素材的世界里，每一册教材中不仅仅涉及相应跨文化交际的内容，更多地要根据学生的认知程度，循序渐进地安排，让学生在每一册教材中都能获取充足的跨文化交际信息，满足他们对文化学习的需求以及口头交际和书面交际的需求。
4.扩大英语教材中文化信息来源，尤其是源文化和国际文化
如今英语作为一种通用语言，其教学目的之一就是鼓励不同国家的英语学习者能够进行文化和思想交流，而学习者对本国文化现象较为熟悉，却经常碍于语言的表达使得交流大打折扣，在教材中增加源文化素材，可以让学生进一步加深对源文化现象认识的同时，能够自如地用英语向外界介绍本国文化，达到双向交流的效果，丰富英语国际化的内涵，同时也可能引发学生比较目的文化和源文化的兴趣，在这样的文化对比中养成跨文化交际的意识。此外，教材需要体现具有多样性的国际文化。玫凯认为：在三种文化材料（源文化、目的文化和国际文化）中，最好的材料应该是用目的语写成的不同国际文化知识。如必修四第四单元所选取的“BodyLanguage”一文，将各国不同的身体语言用英语写在一篇文章中，让学生在对比中感受不同国家各具特色的文化，让学生在有限的材料中获取较多的跨文化交际信息，同时还可以将其应用于真实的交际情境中。此外，加入多样性的国际文化可以培养学生对文化的整体意识，不至于割裂相互间的关系，增强学生的全球化意识。英语教材作为培养跨文化交际能力的重要媒介，一方面其所选取的跨文化交际的内容应能引起学生对文化现象或文本所体现的文化内涵进行主动思考，另一方面要更加突出“交际”的特征，增加真实的语言材料，还原真实的交际情境，平衡每一册教材中跨文化交际内容的量。最后，注重体现文化的多样性特征，适当增加源文化的比例，避免因忽视源文化和过于重视目的文化而造成两种文化之间的隔阂。因此，在跨文化视野下改进高中英语教材对于培养学生的跨文化交际意识和能力具有重要的现实意义。
大学英语跨文化交际命题作文9
一、商务英语翻译中跨文化交际的影响因素
国际商务活动是一种跨文化的交际活动，世界各国的经济贸易体或者交易者之间的交往都带着地区和民族的文化特色，因此，跨文化交际对商务英语翻译的影响十分显著，其影响因素主要有以下三种：首先是交际语言因素，包括词义、语序和句法结构三方面。词义方面，英语词语对上下文语境依赖性较大，含义相对广泛，词义受上下文限制，而汉语词语对上下文语境限制较小，含义较窄，相对具体、固定、严谨。如“10canstoacarton”和“C？”中can既可以是名词“罐子”，也可用作情态动词表示“能够”。语序方面，由于英汉语表达语序大不相同，翻译时要注意调整。如aver－的翻译应为“年平均经济增长速度。”句法方面，英语句法结构较严谨，汉语则相对松散，主要表现在主语和谓语的使用。英语句中主语一般不可缺，谓语动词有时态、语态和语气的变化，中文则相对灵活，主语可省。如“E．”可省略主语译为主动句“很明显，出了差错，发错了货。”
其次是社会文化因素，主要体现在地域和宗教习俗差异方面。英国西临大西洋，西风从大西洋吹来，温暖和煦，因此英国有Zephyr（西风）汽车，而中国西面接壤陆地，东面临海，西风只能带来寒冷，东风才温暖，故而“东风汽车”成就中国一汽；英国是个岛国而中国是大陆国家，因此spendmoneylikewater就成了“挥金如土”。此外宗教对中西方影响都很深远，如上帝用6天创世，第7天休息，“7－up”七喜成了众所周知的饮料品牌；但由于宗教形象差异性较大，龙在东方人眼中是膜顶朝拜之物，《圣经》却将撒旦描述为agreatdragon，因此亚洲的“四小龙”译成了“fourtigers”。
最后是思维方式因素。中国人习惯螺旋形地展开叙述，喜欢用宽泛和模糊语来陈述传达信息，如“可能，基本上，有关部门，适当的”等模糊词语用来表达“可以感觉到，但不能解释的话”，让听众做出自己的理解和判断，便于说话者有更多机会纠正错误；西方人则是习惯线性思维，喜欢清晰简明的表达方式。因此在商务翻译活动中明确双方思维方式的差异性，把握尺度，翻译才会有效。如用“Thejobisdifficult，”谈论某个项目成果时，“certainefforts”为一模糊词，若要表明“工作已经产生一些影响”则应译为“－forts”，国外合作伙伴就明白“哦，工作有效”。
二、商务英语翻译中跨文化交际能力的培养
（一）语言文化能力培养
语言能力培养应从词法和语法两方面进行。词法能力的提高首先从中英商务词汇积累开始，尤其是一词多义的词汇和相关专业术语，即普通商务词汇和专业商务词汇的积累。译者应广泛阅读各类型的中英文商务材料，如商务报刊、商务杂志、商务简报、商务合同等，积极参加商务活动，获得一手资料，实践中积累丰富词汇；其次要培养良好的汉语文化功底，以提高运用准确词汇进行翻译的能力。汉语文化功底的培养应从熟悉中国传统文化精髓入手，提升自身文化内涵修养，还要学习商务礼仪，掌握各类中文商务文体写作以及商务谈判和商务报告等商务活动中的典型词汇、句型和文本，提高商务素养；最后要学习掌握商务翻译常用技巧，如直译、意译、音译和增译等，结合商务英语语言特色灵活掌握常用被动句、无主句和虚拟语气等句式的翻译技巧，提高翻译效率。
语法的主要任务是描述句法结构、语义结构和二者关系，译者对语法的准确掌握有助于提高翻译准确性。语法能力的培养应充分融入各门英语课程学习中，学习者要有意识地对学习资料进行语法句法研究，以提高翻译准确性。翻译实践中要重视培养句法能力，准确分析语序和句法结构，充分理解语句内涵。如“U，－ScheduleA，ScheduleA（DefinitionandInterpretation）orScheduleB（SpecialTerms）asthecasemaybe．”首先分析句法结构，找出句子主干“．．．．．．”其核心意思便一目了然，“合同应根据．．．解释，每一条款定义见．．．”，接着根据核心意思自问“合同根据什么解释？什么条款？定义在哪？”再次进行分析，就会找到“inaccordancewithScheduleA”，“usedherein”，“inScheduleA（DefinitionandInterpretation）orScheduleB（SpecialTerms）”，可具体为“合同应根据（条款A）的解释，（此处所用）每一条款定义见（条款A）或（条款B）”，最后结合上下文，将asthecasemaybe译为“以适使用者为准”，整段翻译为“合同应根据条款A的解释，此处所用每一条款定义见条款A（定义和解释）或条款B（特别条款），以适使用者为准”。
（二）社会文化能力培养
中国人学习第二语言往往更注重学习语言知识，忽略文化。不同民族之间的语言交流实质上是不同民族间的文化交流，译者要平衡文化和语言二者的重要性，避免重语言轻文化的倾向，培养对英语国家文化的敏感度和洞察力。
由于文化背景不同，双方都会从各自文化角度考虑问题，从而忽视对方的文化和风俗习惯。为促进交流的圆满成功，译者在理解说话者的真实意图和掌握相关文化背景基础上，要利用增减灵活转化来提高处理文化信息的能力。如“饭菜不好，请多包涵”可译为“T，”。再如翻译时添加文字补充说明外国人不熟悉的名称和中国历史事件，例如^v^－culturalrevolution（（1966～1976）），秦始皇QinShiHuang（FirstEmperorofQindy－nasty）（秦朝的第一个皇帝），帮助对方理解相关背景，更好地沟通交流。肢体语言是生活口语交际的补充，是使用最广泛和最丰富的表达方式，同一肢体语言行为在不同文化中含义不同，呈现的意义大不相同。如英语国家中说话时人们彼此凝视和目光交流意味着诚实；而在中国谈话时盯着对方眼睛带来傲慢，咄咄逼人的感觉，让人觉得粗鲁和不礼貌。因此，译者需观察学习肢体语言，掌握肢体语言相关知识，促进沟通交流。跨文化交际不是盲目追崇对方，而是尊重不同文化价值和习惯，促进文化融合，促进相互理解。在商业活动中，若不妥善处理国家与国家之间的文化差异，会造成摩擦和冲突，甚至影响企业合作。因此在商务英语翻译中要遵循这一国际通用规则，尊重文化差异，在不损害双方利益的基础上求同存异。
（三）思维能力培养
译者由于易受母语思维影响，翻译时习惯性套用本族语思维方式，否定翻译能比较典型地反映中西方思维差异。如将中文“我认为他不同意这项条款”译为“Ithinkhedoesn’”，译者没能正确把握中西方思维方式差异，用中式思维对译“我认为”为“Ithink”，应将否定放在句首，进行全部否定而非部分否定，“Idon’．”才是正确翻译。再如英译中“Youcan’”应为“鉴于商品易碎，在搬运过程中，越小心越好。”而不是“鉴于商品易碎，在搬运过程中，不能太小心”。
译者要克服固定思维模式缺点，应培养其发散思维能力。首先比较英汉语思维方式，认识其共性和差异性，并在翻译、写作和口语中注意差异特征。其次阅读英文原版材料，如政治报告、科技论文的文献等，培养英语的思维习惯。还要多听、多模仿简洁、地道、典型的英语国家著名演讲材料。多听和多读有助于自我训练，培养英语思维方式，在翻译时可以模仿此类句子和表达相关，逐步意识并分辨中英表达与思维习惯的差异，潜移默化接受并使用英语思维方式，最后通过实践进行举一反三，发展独立思考能力。如“我们的价格是按照成本加运费报的，所以保险请你们自己办理。”译文可有以下几种：“SCFR，”；“OurpriceisquotedonCFRbasis，andconsequently，”；“SCFR，”．这几个译文都传达相同的意义，翻译时要逻辑思维清晰，灵活改变句子结构但不改变句子原意，勇于实践才能在商务翻译中获得良好的效果。
三、结语
不同民族有不同的历史背景、风俗习惯、风土人情、文化传统，从事国际商务的翻译人员必须了解并掌握民族文化差异，提高跨文化交际能力，设法在翻译过程中消除差异，减少失误，进行有效商务翻译活动。
大学英语跨文化交际命题作文10
The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts.
Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation.
In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator's role becomes that of an impersonal purveyor of information and cash.
In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator's position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator.
带翻译：
国际贸易和海外投资的增加产生了需要管理人员的外语知识和跨文化交际的技能。然而,美国人没有训练有素的区域,因此,并没有享受到同等水平的成功谈判在国际舞台上作为他们的外国同行。
谈判是一个过程,来回沟通为目的的达成协议。进行说服和妥协,但为了参加其中任何一个,谈判者必须懂得人说服的方式以及如何在谈判的文化妥协。
在国外的国际商务谈判中,美国人被视为富有和不带个人情感。它往往似乎在外国谈判者,美国人代表着一个庞大的拥有数百万资财的大企业,不用进一步地讨价还价就能出得起价钱。美国谈判者的角色变成了冷漠的承包商的信息和现金。
在国外的美国谈判者的研究中,识别了几个特点,或许证实这个老套的看法,损害谈判者的地位。尤其引起跨文化误解的两个特点是美国谈判者的直截了当和缺乏耐心。此外,美国谈判者经常坚持实现短期目标。外国谈判者,另一方面,会珍视建立谈判者之间的联系并愿意为长期利益投入时间。为了巩固这种联系,他们会选择非直接的交流而不计较时间的了解对方谈判代表。
大学英语跨文化交际命题作文11
The modern technology has greatly altered the mode ofcommunication among people. With the help of the Internet, people can easily contact each other anytime anywhere. However, the side effect is that many people have become over-dependent on the Internet and neglected face-to-face far as I'm concerned, electronic communication cannot fully replace the direct contact among people. Although it seems to bring everyone together, it actually estranges people and decreases the effectiveness of communication.
A typical example is that, traditionally, people working in the same office simply walk to others and talk. Today, however, co-workers tend to send e-mails or instant messages through the Internet even when they are sitting next to each other. As words can never convey the full message, it usually takes much more time and rounds of conversation than face-to-face communication, in which people can discuss more directly with less loss of conclude, the Internet enables more effective communication in some situations, but over-dependence on it actually pulls people apart.
大学英语跨文化交际命题作文12
it is common in english to ask people about their holidays. in the west many families go away on holiday during the summer months and so it is very usual to ask about this. if the holiday has not yet taken place，then their holiday plans can be talked about. and if it is already over，then where they went，whether they enjoyed it and so on can be discussed. similar questions are asked before festivals and pubic holidays.
foreigners living and working in china often have frequent opportunities for travel，either at weekends or during their holiday periods，so questions on this topic can often lead to fruitful discussions. they may be particularly interested to hear comments on whi
ch places are worth visiting and why，especially if these places are a little less well known and not clearly described in the tour guides.
take vacaticn and long weekends. never let vacation time expire.
大学英语跨文化交际命题作文13
English is one of the most important communication tools in modern society, and its status is getting higher and higher. Therefore, it has become a very urgent problem for us to learn English. Therefore, we should first learn English.
As a language, we must emphasize its communicative function. We can practice our spoken English in the English corner. However, the solution to our listening problem is that if we do these two things, we must listen to the tape, then grammar will not be a problem, we only need to write English composition, then English will be easy to learn.
中文翻译：
英语是现代社会重要的交际工具之一，它的地位也越来越高，因此，我们学习英语已经成为一个非常紧迫的问题，所以我们首先应该如何学习英语，英语作为一门语言，我们必须强调它的交际功能。我们可以去英语角练习口语。然而，我们将面临听力问题的解决办法是，如果我们做到这两点，我们必须听磁带，那么语法就不成问题了，我们只要写英语作文，那么英语就很容易学了。
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大学英语跨文化交际命题作文14
I have recently done a survey about how students find study partners.
Some students find study partners through the Internet. They believe it’s convenient to find partners to study with online. Besides, they can get help from study partners whenever necessary. Some students prefer to join clubs to find study partners so that they can share experience face to face. What’s more, they think working out problems together helps learn more easily.
As for me, I’d like to get study partners by going to summer camp because I can learn something new while having fun. Also, it’s a good way to learn how to get on well with others.
大学英语跨文化交际命题作文15
There is no denying that the cultural exchanges are playing a more and more important role in the modern world.
Firstly， let’s have a look at the picture. A foreign lady is XXX a traditional Chinese painting of bamboos. It seems that she is totally indulged in her painting. The picture shows that people from foreign countries are interested in our traditional Chinese culture. They not only appreciate the traditional Chinese paintings， music， costume， etc， but also begin to learn to how to make them. In this way， they hope to gain a better understanding of Chinese culture and thus can know the country better. Since our country became more open， our Chinese government has made great efforts to promote all kinds of exchanges with the outside world. These exchanges range from economics and education to culture. The cultural exchanges play a more and more important part in our life. Many channels are open for the foreigners to learn our traditional art. They can take some courses in some special schools and many professionals can be their teachers.
In my opinion， the cultural exchange is good to all of us. It is an efficient way to introduce our Chinese culture to the world. In this way， people in the foreign countries can know more and more about China. Some biased views about our country can be dispelled.
大学英语跨文化交际命题作文16
Which is better for communication with your friends,writing letter or making a phone call?With the rapid development of technology,a growing number of electrical products appear and gradually gain their there is a hot debate on the topic that which one is better for communication with your friends,writing letter or making a phone call?In my opinion,phone is a better way to communicate with are some reasons accounting for my view.
First of all,it is more convenient for us to call phone is small and light to carry and whenever you are,you can easily get touch with your friends if they are using the phone at the same it takes much time when the letter arrives at your friends’.Once you have something urgent to tell them,it will be purpose of technological development is to meet people’s demand of pursing a better and more efficient we all choose to write a letter,nothing will drive science and technology to make the a result of it,the society will but not least,phone has more advantages over the amount of information and the consuming in terms of environmental protection,the paper of writing a letter comes from trees,which is opposite with the concept of friendly environment.
All in all,I tend to make a phone call rather than writing a letter when communicating with others.
