英语summary范文150字1
雅思阅读技巧盘点之：多快好省做对Summary
一、无选项雅思阅读Summary的特征
1、主要针对文章的某一段或某几段的主要内容进行概括或改写，上下句之间有一定的联系。
2、每个空格的间隔时近时远，例如剑7 T1 P1的summary就定位在D段一段中，而剑5 T1 P1的则分散在四个段落中，由此可见定位准确是解题的关键步骤。但考生们不用着急，一般summary的定位还是比较容易的，且大部分是涉及到原文的两三段。即使某道题比较难找到，也可以先做summary的其他题，切勿因小失大。
3、一般是顺序原则，较少乱序。
4、填的答案多是原文原词，很少需要改变语态和词性，相对简单。
二、雅思阅读Summary的解题步骤
1、阅读文章的大标题和小标题。其实拿到一篇文章，不论有哪些题型，第一步都要阅读文章的大标题和小标题，大致掌握文章主题和推测文章的写作思路和结构。
2、仔细审题。 (1)注意字数限制(Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. )，一般有只能填一个、不超过两个和不超过三个单词。(2)有时题目会明确告知summary在原文中的起始段落。
3、根据summary的小标题或者首句，回原文确定起始位置。
4、划出第一题的定位词和关键词(指紧挨着空格的并且肯定会被同义替换的单词)。
5、通过关键词及空格前后的逻辑关系来推测所填词的语法特征。(1)常考词性有名词、形容词、动词和副词，但主要以“名词和形容词”为主，在剑桥真题5-9中的summary共63个，名词58个占92%，形容词5个占8%。(2)如果所填词是名词，还可以进一步去预测是人还是物，单复数，有时甚至能推测出是具体物还是抽象物，但还是要根据实际情况而定，不要为了预测而硬预测。
6、回到原文，通过略读定位到题目位置。
7、精读定位词所在的句子，一定要读完整。
8、对应关键词和逻辑关系后，通过语法来确定答案。
9、继续下一题。
二、雅思阅读Summary解题小贴士
1、一定要注意字数限制。有不少考生会因为初次考试紧张而忘记审题，同样的问题在判断题的TRUE和YES中也有体现。
2、如果在题目或者原文中看到this，that，those，these，it等指代词，一定要把指代词的内容搞清楚，因为指代词往往是考点，或者通过指代词所指内容能提示解题。
3、如果定位词所在句子找不到关键词的同义替换或逻辑关系，一般可以往下看一句，最多往下看两句。
4、因为是顺序出题，所以实在是有定位不到的题要学会放弃，先做下一题，然后在上下两题的定位之间再寻找一次。
总而言之，无选项summary是考生必须要得到分数的题型。解题步骤大致为了解文章主题，审题，圈划定位词和关键词，预测语法特征，回原文精读。除了熟练掌握做题步骤和技巧之外，基础语法和同义替换也是加快做题速度，提高正确率的利剑。每次做完题都要认真分析错误原因，是定位不准确，同义替换没背出还是句意或逻辑关系理解错误，并积累每道题目(不论对错)和题目对应原文句子的生词和同义替换。考生不能太过沉迷于技巧，毕竟扎实的基本功和踏实的学习态度才是通过雅思，成功打开国外理想大学大门的钥匙。
雅思阅读小范围预测
文章题目 Aquaculture in New Zealand
重复年份 20_0114 20_1031 20_1124 20_0212
题材 农业
题型 小标题 7+人名理论配对 3+句子填空 3
文章大意 新西兰水产养殖，介绍了新西兰一种新型保护海底动物多样性兼顾商业运作
的方式一 aquaculture , 其发展遇到的问题及前景。
部分参考答案：
小标题
14. vi (一个受益的村庄)
15. vii (company’s profit)
16. 选含 limitation 的那项
17. 选含 concerns to environment 的那项
18. 选含 alternative explanation 的那项
19. 选含 research 的那项
20. 选含 science and business 的那项
填空题
24. polyculture/aquaculture
25. commercial partner
26. market value/high price
文章题目 Expert in musician
重复年份 20_0130 20_0517
题材 人文社科
题型 选择 4+判断 6+填空 4
文章大意
天赋是遗传先天的还是靠练习，主要以音乐为例。讨论坚持不懈对成功的作用和他们的关系。首先探讨了毅力是否是成功的必要条件，并阐述了众多学家就此提出的各类观点。在论证天才是不是也需要坚持不懈时，举例了莫扎特一个人坚持找工作的过程。最后证明了坚持不懈和成功的关系密切。
文章题目 The meaning of history study
重复年份 20_1114A 20_0920 20_1210
题材 人文社科
题型 配对 9+填空 4
文章大意 本文讲了历史研究的意义。列举了名人对于学习历史的观点。历史学家和教育家都认为历史不仅具有学术研究的意义，更有助于其他领域。
雅思阅读模拟题：Search begins for Earth
Search begins for 'Earth' beyond solar system
Staff and agencies
Wednesday December 27, 20_
Guardian Unlimited
1. A European spacecraft took off today to spearhead the search for another “Earth” among the stars.
2. The Corot space telescope blasted off aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan shortly after .
3. Corot, short for convection rotation and planetary transits, is the first instrument capable of finding small rocky planets beyond the solar system. Any such planet situated in the right orbit stands a good chance of having liquid water on its surface, and quite possibly life, although a leading scientist involved in the project said it was unlikely to find “any little green men”.
4. Developed by the French space agency, CNES, and partnered by the European Space Agency (ESA), Austria, Belgium, Germany, Brazil and Spain, Corot will monitor around 120,000 stars with its 27cm telescope from a polar orbit 514 miles above the Earth. Over two and a half years, it will focus on five to six different areas of the sky, measuring the brightness of about 10,000 stars every 512 seconds.
5. “At the present moment we are hoping to find out more about the nature of planets around stars which are potential habitats. We are looking at habitable planets, not inhabited planets. We are not going to find any little green men,” Professor Ian Roxburgh, an ESA scientist who has been involved with Corot since its inception, told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme.
6. Prof Roxburgh said it was hoped Corot would find “rocky planets that could develop an atmosphere and, if they are the right distance from their parent star, they could have water”.
7. To search for planets, the telescope will look for the dimming of starlight caused when an object passes in front of a star, known as a “transit”. Although it will take more sophisticated space telescopes planned in the next 10 years to confirm the presence of an Earth-like planet with oxygen and liquid water, Corot will let scientists know where to point their lenses.
8. Measurements of minute changes in brightness will enable scientists to detect giant Jupiter-like gas planets as well as small rocky ones. It is the rocky planets - that could be no bigger than about twice the size of the Earth - which will cause the most excitement. Scientists expect to find between 10 and 40 of these smaller planets.
9. Corot will also probe into stellar interiors by studying the acoustic waves that ripple across the surface of stars, a technique called “asteroseismology”.
10. The nature of the ripples allows astronomers to calculate a star's precise mass, age and chemical composition.
11. “A planet passing in front of a star can be detected by the fall in light from that star. Small oscillations of the star also produce changes in the light emitted, which reveal what the star is made of and how they are structured internally. This data will provide a major boost to our understanding of how stars form and evolve,” Prof Roxburgh said.
12. Since the discovery in 1995 of the first “exoplanet” - a planet orbiting a star other than the Sun - more than 200 others have been found by ground-based observatories.
13. Until now the usual method of finding exoplanets has been to detect the “wobble” their gravity imparts on parent stars. But only giant gaseous planets bigger than Jupiter can be found this way, and they are unlikely to harbour life.
14. In the 20_s, ESA plans to launch Darwin, a fleet of four or five interlinked space telescopes that will not only spot small rocky planets, but analyse their atmospheres for signs of biological activity.
15. At around the same time, the US space agency, Nasa, will launch Terrestrial Planet Finder, another space telescope designed to locate Earth-like planets.
英语summary范文150字2
高考迫在眉睫，广大高中学生正在紧张地复习备考，如何在较短的时间内使自己的学习成绩有一个较大的飞跃，以取得事半功倍的效果，关键在于科学的学习方法和合理的时间安排，下面我就结合自己对高三学生进行总复习的点滴经验，对高三学生谈几点建议:
一、加强语篇训练，进行限时阅读
在做完限时阅读后，建议同学们要将短文重新再看一遍，对文章所出现的词汇短语进行及时归纳和总结。这样，利用语篇来识记单词、短语，复习语法知识要比单纯地看考纲记单词，做单项选择题记语法点效果要好得多。因为语篇为我们提供了丰富的语言文化背景知识及交际背景，学生可根据上下文的内容进行猜词，推理完成对语篇的理解，并带动单词和短语的复习，形成较为流畅的语言表达习惯，为书面表达打下基础。
二、重视书面表达训练
书面表达要求高考在限定的时间内根据考生所提示的内容要求，用英文写出一篇字数为100字的短文，是对学生综合运用语言能力的一种考查方式，要写好这篇短文，需分四个步骤：
1. 确定文章体裁
写作前，首先认真审查，看文章题目要求是哪种文体，书面通知，日记，书信，还是看图写话，不同的文体有不同的格式。
2. 选择准确的词汇和短语
确定文体后，要把短文的内容提示用准确的词汇短语写出来，以避免遗漏要点。
3. 连词成句
将已选好的单词和短语根据题目的提示用适当的联词连成句子，注意短文的人称、时态、动词变形、名词复数是否运用正确。
4. 检查语言
短文写完后，一定要反复研读，注意修改文章出现的语法错误，如人称用错，时态，动词及习语搭配等等错误。
书面表达所需要的时间大约是20-25分钟，建设同学们每周选择一至二个体裁的短文进行自我训练，并与参考译文进对比，看看自己文章中的要点是否齐全，短文运用是否恰当，并有针对性的记忆一些参考译文中的句子，好短语，只要坚持写字作，不断修改，写作能力会是益加强。
三、建立改错本，是复习中不可缺少的环节
学生考试中所犯的错误通常在脑子中印象很深，很多错误经过老师的讲评，依然是一犯再犯，为避免同一错误的再发生，建立改错本是十分必要的，老师每讲评完一份试卷，学生应在改错本上将错误订正，并做正确的分析，归纳，总结，经加强记忆，久而久之，正确的语言表达习惯就会自然而然的形成，每次考试前，翻看一下自己所做错误题以及错误的原因，加以重视，避免再犯类似的错误。
总而言之，语言的学习要一点一滴的积累，相信同学们应用科学的复习方法以及合理的安排，踏踏实实，持之以恒的进行课堂复习及课后的自我训练，英语学习能力一定会日益提高。
英语summary范文150字3
There is no doubt that Beijing Wendu is the most important, but not the least important, first of all, for one thing, for the third, for one thing, for another, on the other hand, in spite of this / otherwise / on the contrary, therefore / result / therefore / because of this / conclusion / conclusion / summary / summary / summary / in a word / environmental protection - environmental protection - ecological protection.
中文翻译：
现象现象，毫无疑问，北京文都首先是最重要的，但不是最不重要的，首先是为了一件事，在第二位，在第三位，为了一件事，为了另一件事，在另一方面尽管如此/否则/相反因此/结果/因此/因此/结果得出结论/总结/总结/概括/总而言之/环境保护-环境保护-生态保护。
英语summary范文150字4
如何写总结(How to write a summary) -英语作文
1、the author tells us the importance of self-learning for children. not only should the teacher help the students to correct their mistakes, but also they should depend themselves to correct their own mistakes.
2、this passage discusses the importance of self-learning for children. students should have the chance to correct their own mistakes, learn-by-doing and learn from each other, not just the teacher.
3、the article gives the view that teachers should let students correct their mistakes by themselves. students are able to correct their own mistakes and teachers’ frequent correction will make children unable to judge their own work.
4、some people think students’ mistakes should be corrected by themselves and it is wrong for the teachers to do it for them too often in school. it will make the children dependent on the teachers.
the author (the passage) discussed the benefit of extracurricular activities including being a way to improve students’ health, widen their social circle and introduce them to new ideas and people.
reviews the most important points of the text. it should be brief (short). furthermore, the summary should be written as much as possible in your own words. it contains only the main ideas and what the author talks about the topic but not include much explanation or examples.
英语summary范文150字5
SUMMARY OF BILATERAL WTO AGREEMENT
《SUMMARY OF BILATERAL WTO AGREEMENT》
《SUMMARY OF BILATERAL WTO AGREEMENT》
February 2,
AGRICULTURE
The Agreement would eliminate barriers and increase access for . exports across a broad range of commodities. Commitments include:
Significant cuts in tariffs that will be completed by January . Overall average for agricultural products will be percent and for . priority products 14 percent (down from 31 percent).
Establishment of a tariff-rate quota system for imports of bulk commodities, ., wheat, corn, cotton, barley, and rice, that provides a share of the TRQ for private traders. Specific rules on how the TRQ will operate and increased transparency in the process will help ensure that imports occur. Significant and growing quota quantities subject to tariffs that average between 1-3 percent.
Immediate elimination of the tariff-rate quota system for barley, peanut oil, sunflower-seed oil, cottonseed oil, and a phase-out for soybean oil.
The right to import and distribute products without going through a state-trading enterprise or middleman.
Elimination of export subsidies on agricultural products.
China has also agreed to the elimination of SPS barriers that are not based on scientific evidence.
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
China would lower tariffs and eliminate broad systemic barriers to . exports, such as limits on who can import goods and distribute them in China, as well as barriers such as quotas and licenses on . products.
TARIFFS
Tariffs cut from an average of percent to an average of percent overall and percent on . priority products.
China will participate in the Information Technology Agreement (I
[1] [2]
英语summary范文150字6
本次试卷信息量大，知识涵盖面广，渗透性强，注重实际情景和具体语境中考查学生对基础知识的理解和运用，有较强的探究性和灵活性。试卷突出了语言的交际功能，力求体现课程标准精神，无偏、难和怪题。试题的选材有必须的时代感和知识性，在选材中既注意了所选材料在题材和体裁上的多样性，又注意了所选材料的思想性和教育性注重教育性。试卷着重考查学生理解、运用语言的本事，重视考查学生的英语基础知识、基本技能，考查学生运用所学的知识和技分析问题、解决问题的本事，力求体现选拔和指导教学两者并重。
一、试卷特点：
1、试卷注重基础，体现活用，难度和区分度恰当无偏题，怪题出现。
试题注重考查学生在必须语境下对语言基础知识的掌握情景和综合运用英语的本事。语言基础知识的考查重点突出、覆盖面广；情景设置合理，避免了纯知识性的死记硬背题；词汇和语法的测试充分注意了语言的真实性、趣味性和实践性；注重语感，灵活性强，突出语言形式向语言意义的转化。
2、试题从知识立意逐渐向本事立意转变。
加大了本事考查的比重。试题突出了语言的交际性，强调在特定的语境中英语知识的灵活运用。适当增加了测试词汇量，加强本事检测。如阅读理解考查的资料注重了对学生在语境中运用语言本事的考查。加大了对语言的熟练程度和深层次本事考查的力度。如“阅读理解”部分注重了对归纳，推断和猜测整个句子等深层次本事的考查。阅读材料贴近生活，同时题材广泛，体裁多样、生动趣味，并富有思想性。
3、书面表达难度控制合理。
书面表达给学生留有充分发挥本事的空间，加大了考查学生综合运用语言本事的力度，使试卷更具现实性。书面表达题对初中英语教学有着良好的导向作用，要求学生要充分运用所学语言记录自我的真实情感，进一步体现了英语学科的交际性和工具性。
二、试题分析
第一题：听力部分
第一大题中5个小题，相当基础，主要考查学生的基础知识掌握得如何，第二、三、四大题，则逐步地增大难度，人物主角的转换、地点的转移这要求学生要学会用英语思维研究问题，否则听力节奏跟不上，这暗示学生平时学英语，要慢慢锻炼自我学会用英语进行思考问题的本事。
第二题：词汇与语法
A）此题大部分学生答得较好，有少部分学生单词掌握得不够好，有个别拼写错误。
B）单项填空是一种常规题型，考查的知识点多，但难度不大。题干设计简洁，情景清楚。语法知识遵循新课标，有助于引导学生不要花很多的时光抠语法知识，而将更多的精力放在语言本事的培养上。
第三题：语言交际
此题的题型比以往的难度降低，绝大多数学生答得相对较好。
第四题：语篇理解
阅读部分所选的阅读文章题材多样化，主要考查学生对阅读材料的分析理解本事、推理确定本事和概括归纳本事。该大题在整篇考卷中得分率相对最低。失误原因是对于常见用语掌握的熟练程度还不够。基本功不扎实，知识掌握不到位。
第五部分：书面表达
考生在书面表达中所反映的问题主要有：基础不扎实，语言表述不清楚。主要表现在：语序混乱、语法结构错误、基本句型没掌握、单词拼写错误、时态错误等。
三、教学提议及反思
经过对英语试卷和考试情景的分析，针对英语教学中存在的问题，英语教学还要在以下几个方面作进一步的努力：
1、课改理念，钻研新教材，务实英语基础
2、确立语篇意识和综合意识，培养综合运用本事
八年级英语试题突出了语篇功能和综合运用本事。阅读理解试题是分值较高的试题。我们在平时的教学中要根据教材切实搞好语篇教学，并有意识、有计划地增加英语阅读量，题材、体裁要尽量多样化，经过很多的阅读，扩大学生的知识面，使学生熟悉不一样体裁、不一样题材文章的作题思路，提高阅读速度，提高驾驭语篇的本事。选材要尽量要贴近学生的生活实际，注意时代性、生活性和社会性。语篇难度适当，措辞浅显、生动、自然、地道，语句灵活且富于变化。在平时要经过阅读培养学生阅读多种文体的本事，如何从文章中获取信息的本事和运用英语解决实际问题的本事。在训练中要注意方法的多样化和灵活性，同时关注学生运用英语进行直接思维意识本事和习惯的培养，启发他们学会运用多种不一样的方法来表达同样的思想，提高用英语进行思维的本事，逐步培养良好的英语语感，提高英语语用本事。
3、加强英语课外阅读，提高信息素养
英语知识的获得与本事的提高是在不断的听、说、读、写的训练过程中逐步构成的，而教材和课堂所能供给的训练还是比较有限的。所以，要加强理解语篇的本事训练，增强英语语感。同时要增强信息意识，培养和提高信息素养，重视运用英语解决实际问题的本事。
总体来看，八年级英语试题难度虽不大，但出得很^v^活^v^，外语的功能性、交际性体现得淋漓尽致，试题的编制无论从技术层面或文化层面都体现了教学新导向、新思维，语言的灵活性和严谨性使得这份卷子很有份量。所以，在今后的教学中应注意开阔学生视野，多渠道、大容量地给学生供给具有时代感的英语信息，加强语言运用本事的培养，少讲解，多给学生实际运用语言的机会，在用中学英语，在学中用英语。
英语summary范文150字7
The summary of “Nice Guys (And
Girls) Finish Together”
In Nicholas ’s “Nice Guys (And Girls) Finish Together”, which first appeared in the New York Times Magazine in 1997, he asserts that it is commendable that Japanese still value their civility, but in face of globalization, they should abandon the obsession with egalitarianism. Giving the game “musical chair”, once played by Japanese and American children as an example, he reveals an evidence of the cultural differences between Japanese and American. The former lays more emphasis on the balance of people’s relationship rather than on individual performance, while the latter tends to struggle for winning, even in some impolite manners.
英语summary范文150字8
SUMMARY OF BILATERAL WTO AGREEMENT(3)
INSURANCE
Currently, only two . insurers have access to China's market. Under the agreement:
China agreed to award licenses solely on the basis of prudential criteria, with no economic-needs test or quantitative limits on the number of licenses issued.
China will progressively eliminate all geographic limitations within 3 years. Internal branching will be permitted consistent with the elimination of these restrictions.
China will expand the scope of activities for foreign insurers to include group, health and pension lines of insurance, phased in over 5 years. Foreign property and casualty firms will be able to insure large-scale commercial risks nationwide immediately upon accession.
China agreed to allow 50 percent ownership for life insurance. Life insurers may also choose their own joint venture partners. For non-life, China will allow branching or 51 percent ownership on accession and wholly owned subsidiaries in 2 years. Reinsurance is completely open upon accession (100 percent, no restrictions).
BANKING
Currently foreign banks are not permitted to do local currency business with Chinese clients (a few can engage in local currency business with their foreign clients). China imposes severe geographic restrictions on the establishment of foreign banks.
China has committed to full market access in five years for . banks.
Foreign banks will be able to conduct local currency business with Chinese enterprises starting 2 years after accession.
Foreign banks will be able to conduct local currency business with Chinese individuals from 5 years after accession.
Foreign banks will have the same rights (national treatment) as Chinese banks within designated geographic areas.
Both geographic and customer restrictions will be removed in five years.
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英语summary范文150字9
写作内容：
1.用约30个词概括上述利用排名( ratings)进行消费的现象；
2.谈谈你如何看待消费排名，然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
写作要求：
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题
评分标准：
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
满分范文
Possible version one:
As a major channel of consumption information, the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption. Interestingly, the same rating may have different influences on different consumers.
There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related. It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.
Possible version two:
Nowadays, most commodities or services are rated through certain channels. These ratings, easy to access, are playing an increasingly important role in customers' purchase decision. However, results are sometimes unsatisfactory.
There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers, but they are often misleading and unreliable. As we all know, most of the ratings are based on others’ judgment on the product or service concerned. Every judgment comes from a specific need or a unique psychological state. Apparently, blindly following others' advice will affect our own judgment. Another fact should not be neglected that some of the ratings are the outcome of a careful manipulation of companies or sellers. It has become a common practice for some to pay
for good ratings on their products or services so as to increase their sales.
Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.
英语summary范文150字10
首先，审题，条理清楚
保证不跑提示写作当中第一任务，第二个重要任务就是要做到条理清楚。对于议论文来说，正反面要清楚，对于说明文来说条理要清楚，对于描述文来说，谁干什么要清楚。阿希学姐15年从教经验教你「课文」+「发音」+「单词」+「语法」+「考试技巧」=〔100%〕通过「考试/考证」→公众号【阿希英语】
写主题句
主题句是确保不跑题的前提，只有不跑题才有可得及格分。写主题句嘴保险的方法就是把中文提纲的各句译成英语。
问题阐述
适当用被动替换主动，这样能更客观地反映事实。
一句话用不同的句式来表达
为了加强同学们对语法知识在写作中的灵活应用
尽量复杂作文中的句式
长句采用的特殊语法包括：宾语从句+分词结构做插入语+分词作后置定语(issued)+被动语态+原因短语+定语从句。
保证作文符合字数要求的十二句作文法
作文120-150个字，考生一般都希望作文达到字数而又不至于写得太多，因为写得太多一方面暴露自己语言上的弱点，另一方面又会占用过多的时间。写得太多还易跑题，一个有效的方法就是十二句作文法。
英语summary范文150字11
Resume Writing Tips--SAMPLE SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS
SAMPLE TITLE HEADING/PROFILE STATEMENT
REGIONAL SALES MANAGER
Known for delivering strong and sustainable revenue and profit gains in highly competitive markets. Bring 15 years of solid experience and select strengths that encompasses sales territory management, key account development, staff training, team leadership, presentations, and closings.
(Bold, italicize, or underline the Title Heading so it stands out.)
SAMPLE SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS
Accomplished sales professional known for delivering strong and sustainable revenue and profit gains in highly competitive markets. Seeking a Regional Sales Manager position with a leading pharmaceutical company. Select strengths encompass:
RESUME WRITING TIPS - COMMON MISTAKES, DO'S & DON'TS
英语summary范文150字12
尽管对课文词汇的复习告一段落，但词汇的记忆还是不能放松。词汇量的多少以及运用的熟练程度如何会直接影响英语水平的提高和能力的培养。无论是单句理解还是语篇理解，词汇量的多少势必影响着阅读速度、语篇理解和判断准确等。夯实基础，是学生学习能力提高的基础。在掌握活用词汇特别是常用词汇的运用方面尚有很大的欠缺，如某个词或者词语的具体含义是什么，是一词一义，还是一词多义，是固定搭配还是意义最佳等，另外对于重点词汇的延伸、辨异等都要有个明确的概念，绝不能模棱两可，是实而非。常用词的拼写仍是重中之重，要经过一轮甚至两轮的检查。常用句型和短语要有口头和笔头的反复练习。对话填空要求考生准确拼写单词，特别要注意词形和词性变化。
英语summary范文150字13
SUMMARY OF BILATERAL WTO AGREEMENT(4)
PROTOCOL PROVISIONS
Commitments in China's WTO Protocol and Working Party Report establish rights and obligations enforceable through WTO dispute settlement procedures. We have agreed on key provisions relating to antidumping and subsidies, protection against import surges, technology transfer requirements, and offsets, as well as practices of state?owned and state?invested enterprises. These rules are of special importance to . workers and business.
China has agreed to implement the TRIMs Agreement upon accession, eliminate and cease enforcing trade and foreign exchange balancing requirements, as well as local content requirements, refuse to enforce contracts imposing these requirements, and only impose or enforce laws or other provisions relating to the transfer of technology or other know-how, if they are in accordance with the WTO agreements on protection of intellectual property rights and trade?related investment measures.
These provisions will also help protect American firms against forced technology transfers. China has agreed that, upon accession, it will not condition investment approvals, import licenses, or any other import approval process on performance requirements of any kind, including: local content requirements, offsets, transfer of technology, or requirements to conduct research and development in China.
ANTIDUMPING AND SUBSIDIES METHODOLOGY
The agreed protocol provisions ensure that American firms and workers will have strong protection against unfair trade practices including dumping and subsidies. The . and China have agreed that we will be able to maintain our current antidumping methodology (treating China as a non-market economy) in future anti-dumping cases. This provision will remain in force for 15 years after China's accession to the WTO. Moreover, when we apply our countervailing duty law to China we will be able to
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英语summary范文150字14
雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧--Summary(摘要填空)
Summary(摘要填空)
1. 题型要求：该类题目是一小段文字，是原文或原文中的几个段落主要内容的缩写或改写，我们称之为摘要。摘要中有几个空白部分要求填空。
摘要可分为两种：全文摘要和部分段落摘要。全文摘要信息来自全文，题目空格的数目较多。部分段落摘要信息来自原文某几个连续的段落，题目空格的数目较少。
考试中出现的大部分是部分段落摘要，信息来自原文连续的两到三段，题目空格的数量在5题左右。
对于部分段落摘要，有的在题目要求中会指出它来自原文的哪些段落，但大部分的部分段落摘要只是在题目要求中说它是原文的一个摘要或部分段落摘要，并不指出它来自原文的哪些段落。
按照填空内容，摘要也可分为三种：
1. 原文原词
2. 从多个选项中选词
3. 自己写词。
原文原词的题目要求中常有from the Reading Passage 的字样。从多个选项中选词，选项的数目常常超过题目空格的数目。最近考试中，绝大部分是原文原词或从多个选项中选词，很少有自己写词的。
这类题在A类和G类考试中出现的频率一般都是每两次考一次，每次考一组，共五题左右。
2. 解题步骤
(1) 仔细读摘要的第一句话，找出它在原文中的出处，通常是和原文某段话的第一句相对应。如果题目要求中已经指出了摘要的出处，则此步可以略去不做。
(2) 注意空格前后的词，到原文中去找这些词的对应词。
对应词的特点如下：
A. 原词
B. 词性变化;如空格前的词为threatening, 是形容词，原文中的词为threat, 是名词。
C. 语态变化;一个是主动语态，一个是被动语态。
D. 同义词;如空格前的词为throw away，原文中的词为discard(丢弃，抛弃，遗弃)，它们是同义词。
(3) 仔细阅读对应所在的句子，确定正确答案。
(4) 注意语法，所填答案必须符合语法规定。
(5) 注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。
NOTICE
1. 注意题目要求中是否有字数限制。
若要求从原文选词或自己写词，会有字数要求，如Use ONE OR TWO WORDS等，答案必须满足这个要求。
2. 若从原文选词，只能选原文中连续的几个词，不能改变它们的顺序。
如原文为virgin fibre, 发生答案不可能是fibre virgin。原文为 advances in the technology，答案不可能是technology advances。
3. 若要求从原文选词，越是生词，越可能是答案。
下列比较生僻的词如sustainable(可持续的)、biodegradable(可生物降解的)、contaminants(废物，杂物)、nostrils(鼻孔)都是一些题目的答案。
4. 从选项中选词，要注意看题目要求是写答案本身，还是写选项前的代表字母。
选项前有代表字母的，肯定是要求答代表字母。最近的考试中，选项前大部分都有代表字母。
5. 从选项中选词，答案与原文的六大对应关系。
(1) 原文原词：与原文完全相同的词或短语。
(2) 词性变化：原文为necessary，是形容词，选项为necessity，是名词。
(3) 语态变化：原文为Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes，是主动语态。摘要中的句子为people have also been encouraged by government to collect their waste on a regular basis，是被动语态。
(4) 图表：如果原文中有图表，一般会有一题答案来自图表。
(5) 同义词：原文为tight，选项为restricted，是同义词。
(6) 归纳：有时文中没有直接提及，须从几句话中归纳出答案。一般比较难，目前考试中，至少有一个空格是归纳出来的。
6.从选项中选词，如果时间不够，可以直接从选项中选择，不看原文。
这时，要特别注意语法。这样做的准确性50%左右(视题目的难易及考生的水平而定)。所以除非时间不够，否则不建议大家这样做。
7. 如果要求自己写词，答案绝大部分是原文原词，少部分是对原文原词做的形式上的修改。
要求自己写词的机率很小，遇到过一次。在这一次的5个题目中有4个答案是原文原词，剩下一个，原文原词是de-inked，答案根据语法的需要改为de-ink。
雅思阅读机经真题解析--How to Achieve Happiness
You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage below.
Throughout the whole period of one’s lifetime, the achieving of happiness can be seen as our ultimate and everlasting goal. Happiness is far more than a strong body, a magnificent villa or an around-the-world tour; it is something we need from our heart. However, we can investigate happiness through scientific methods.
When we are asked the question “Where can we find happiness”, it is a puzzle difficult to answer accurately. We can find happiness right in our own home, in our workplace, in school, in the company of our friends, etc. It is up to us to find the ways and means to achieve that happiness each of us seek and long for. However, it is essential to recognize that there is no one absolute way to achieve happiness. People may have different ideas with regard to the ways of achieving happiness. The following five classifications are perceived by many people as sources of happiness: family and friends, wealth, position, educational achievement and fame.
To give it a comprehensive definition, happiness is a mental state of well-being characterized by positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. A variety of biological, psychological, religious, and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and identify its sources. Various research groups, including Positive Psychology, endeavor to apply the scientific method to answer questions about what “happiness” is, and how we might attain it. While philosophers and religious thinkers often define happiness in terms of living a good life, or flourishing, rather than simply as an emotion. Happiness in this sense was used to translate the Greek Eudaimonia, and is still used in virtue ethics.
While the level of physical healthiness is the biggest determinant of happiness, comparison of financial success with others of the same age group is the second largest source of happiness and unhappiness. Financially richer people tend to be happier than poorer people, according to sociological researcher Glenn Firebaugh of Pennsylvania State University. Their research is focused on whether the income effect on happiness results largely from the things money can buy (absolute income effect) or from comparing one's income to the income of others (relative income effect). They present their research in a session paper, tided “Relative Income and Happiness: Arc Americans on a Hedonk Treadmill?” Firebaugh argues that, in evaluating their own incomes, individuals compare themselves to their peers of the same age. Therefore, a persons reported level of happiness depends on how his or her income compares to others in the same age group. Using comparison groups on the basis of age, the researchers find evidence of both relative and absolute effects, but relative income is more important than absolute income in determining the happiness of individuals in the United States. This may result in a self-indulgent treadmill, because incomes in the United States rise over most of the adult lifespan. They always dissatisfy with the salary. For example, the survey indicates that the students studied in Harvard University expect to earn much more money than their classmates rather than care about the exact amount of the salary.
We have long been aware that elements from various perspectives of We could contribute to realizing happiness. The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart (MISTRA) has recently conducted a research project, choosing 120 pairs of reared-apart twins as subjects to test their perception of happiness. In an early report of results it was found that, on most measurable psychological traits, the level of welfare between the twins in a set felt is varied instead of being the same or similar. Thus environmental factors may not be the only factor that affects the feeling of happiness significantly. In another investigation, among persons of European ancestry, for psychological features that can be measured, heritability range from about 25 percent to 80 percent. Or, to put it more concretely, from one-fourth to four-fifths of the variation from person to person in such features as IQ, creativity and happiness, is associated with genetic differences between those persons. That indicates that genetic difference may also affect the happiness. Furthermore, neurobiological evidence shows that left and right frontal lobes play different roles in the emotion (MC) (M). Happiness is a type of emotion, a positive one. From the experiments, happiness and the left prefrontal lobe are combined together. The more active it is, the more positive emotion you sense.
At the outset of new millennium, a global research had a result that the people living in the modern world were even unhappier. With crises being on the rise these days, finding happiness can be a bit challenging. Despite of all the stresses associated with life, we still do our best to be happy — because being happy is the only way to keep us afloat. Happiness is considered a very important therapy, both physically and mentally. With it, we are inspired to accomplish whatever goals we want to achieve. It's a strong drive that keeps us going and helps us live our life every single day.
There are many ways to be happy. Spend time with individuals who are dear to you. There is nothing more joyful than to be with the people you love. During the weekends, try to schedule a fun trip for you and your partner, or one for your whole family. Just go somewhere else for a change and enjoy the change of scenery. Do something nice for others. Helping others is a very honorable way to find happiness. If your schedule is too tight for volunteer work, you can just donate a small sum of money or some old clothes or toys to charity. When you eat out, try to be a good tipper to the waiters or the valet who safely parked your car. All these simple things will not only make you happy, but other people as well. Start and end your day with a smile. Smiling is a very powerful gesture. There's no need for words to describe how pleasant it is. If you have a lousy day, smile your way out of the office. When people smile back at you, it will uplift your mood and make you feel better. Spending some time with your friends. A close circle of friends is one of the most important sources of happiness.
